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Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns on Earth. It is primarily caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat from the sun and cause the Earth's surface temperature to rise. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and include rising sea levels, melting glaciers and polar ice caps, more frequent and severe weather events such as hurricanes and droughts, and changes in ecosystems and biodiversity. Climate change also poses risks to human health, food security, and economic stability. Efforts to mitigate climate change focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to low-carbon or renewable energy sources. This can be achieved through various means, such as increasing energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy technologies, and adopting sustainable land and water management practices. Additionally, adaptation strategies are necessary to help communities and ecosystems cope with the changes that are already occurring. Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and coordinated actions from governments, businesses, and individuals. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.