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The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube-like structure made up of rings of cartilage that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi in the lungs. Its main function is to allow air to pass through to and from the lungs during breathing. The trachea is approximately 10-12 centimeters long and 2-2.5 centimeters in diameter. It is composed of 16-20 C-shaped cartilage rings that provide support and prevent the trachea from collapsing. The open part of the C-shape faces the esophagus, allowing it to expand and accommodate the passage of food. The trachea is lined with a mucous membrane that contains cilia, small hair-like structures that move in coordinated motions. These cilia help to sweep trapped particles, such as dust and debris, upwards towards the mouth where they can be expelled by coughing or swallowing. At the bottom of the trachea, it bifurcates into two main bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchi and bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. The trachea is also involved in the process of sound production. The vocal cords, located within the larynx
